ADJECTIVES

General Information

All adjectives can be grouped into the following categories:

• Qualitative adjectives;
• Possessive adjectives;
• Demonstrative adjectives;
• Indefinite adjectives;
• Interrogative adjectives;
• Exclamatory adjectives;
• Numeral adjectives.

In Eurizian, all adjectives have only one form. They are invariable in number and gender, and they generally precede the noun they refer to.

Qualitative adjectives

 General aspects

Most qualitative adjectives in Eurizian are derived from their Latin counterparts, modified according to specific rules. If there is no corresponding Latin adjective, the Esperanto equivalent is used, and the Eurizian adjective is derived from it based on the rules defined in this grammar. Chapter B.3 details all derivation rules for forming Eurizian adjectives from Latin and Esperanto adjectives. Each adjective has a single valid form, which is used for both singular and plural and for all three genders (masculine, feminine, and neuter). Thus, qualitative adjectives in Eurizian are invariable and always end in -i.

Comparative Degree

Equality comparative: Formed as follows:

• tam + adjective + quam + second term of comparison.
  Example: Mario est tam alti quam Marco → Mario is as tall as Marco.

Comparative of inferiority:

• minus + adjective + quam + second term of comparison.
  Example: Mario est minus alti quam Marco → Mario is less tall than Marco.

Comparative of superiority:

• magis + adjective + quam + second term of comparison.
  Example: Mario est magis alti quam Marco → Mario is taller than Marco.

Reinforcing expressions for the comparative:

• much more → multo magis
• much less → multo minus
• a bit more → paulo magis
• a bit less → paulo minus

This comparative structure also applies when comparing adjectives:
Example: meblo essebat magis alti quam longi → The piece of furniture was taller than it was long.

Superlative Degree

The absolute superlative is formed by placing multo or maxime (stronger) before the adjective.
Examples:

• maxime pulchri or multo pulchri → very beautiful
• maxime alti or multo alti → very tall

The relative superlative of superiority (“the most...”) is formed as:

• Lemagis + adjective + ex or inter + noun indicating the comparison group.

Use:

• ex when the noun is singular
• inter when the noun is plural

Examples:

• Italia est natione lemagis pulchri ex mundo → Italy is the most beautiful nation in the world.
• Marco est lemagis versuti inter fratres → Marco is the cleverest of the brothers.

The relative superlative of inferiority (“the least...”) follows the pattern:

• Leminus + adjective + ex or inter + noun of comparison.
  Same rules for ex and inter apply.

Examples:

• Karolo essebat leminus callidi inter discipulos → Carlo was the least clever among the pupils.
• Karolo essebat leminus callidi ex classe → Carlo was the least clever in the class.

To emphasize the relative superlative, use longe (“by far”):

• Marco est longe lemagis alti inter discipulos → Marco is by far the tallest of the pupils.

Possessive Adjectives

Possessive adjectives in Eurizian are invariable in gender and number. They are:

• mei → my.
  Example: ego donat mei libros ad te → I give you my books.
• tui → your (singular).
  Example: Nos noscevit tui matre → We met your mother.
• sui → his/her/their (reflexive, refers to the subject).
  Example: Ili vendevit sui agro → They sold their own land.
• eius → his, her, its (non-reflexive).
  Example: Ea emevit eius agro → She bought his (or her) land.
• nostri → our.
  Example: Nos vendevit nostri domo → We sold our house.
• vestri → your (plural).
  Example: Ego noscevit vestri parentes → I met your parents.
• eorum → their (non-reflexive, for third-person plural not subject).
  Example: Is emevit eorum domo → He bought their house.

Demonstrative Adjectives

• hoc→ this (near the speaker), invariable.
  Examples:
  Hoc libro est de magistro → This book belongs to the teacher.
  Cras ego emebit hoc flores → Tomorrow I’ll buy these flowers.
• illi→ that (far from the speaker), invariable.
  Examples:
  Illi libro est de magistro → That book belongs to the teacher.
  Cras ego emebit illi flores → Tomorrow I’ll buy those flowers.
• isti→ derogatory “this,” used for a pejorative nuance.
  Example: Amove isti sella! → Move this damn chair!
• idem→ same (identical), invariable.
  Example: Is habet idem facie quam sui patre → He has the same face as his father.
  • ipsi → intensifier: “himself,” “herself,” “in person,” “the very.”
    Example: Ipsi Prezidanto de Respublica praemiabit eam → The President of the Republic himself will award her.

Indefinite Adjectives

Even the indefinite adjectives of Euriziano are invariant for gender and number. Below you can find the corresponding translation in Eurizian for each indefinite adjective.

 

Adjectives indicating quantity