PRONOUNS

Oni is used as a third person impersonal subject referring to a person, in analogy with the use of the French 'On'.   Example: one must always tell the truth -> oni debet semper dicere veritate.

Reciprocal action is expressed with the adverb invicem (reciprocally).

Example: we help each other -> nos adiuvat nes invicem.

The subject pronoun 'se' is used in dependent sentences when the third person subject is the same as the subject of the main sentence. The complement pronoun 'ses' is used in the reflexive sense when it refers to the subject of the same sentence (corresponds to he himself, she herself, they themselves).

Demonstrative Pronouns

Each demonstrative pronoun in Eurizian has two gendered forms: one for masculine and neuter, and another for feminine. Both forms inflect for number (singular and plural).

For a person or thing near the speaker (corresponding to English “this one ”):

Example: I love books, but I hate this one → Ego amat multo libros, sed ego detestat hoc.

The phrase “this thing” or “this” in a neutral, abstract sense is translated with the neuter form huc.

For a person or thing far from the speaker (corresponding to English “those one”)

Example: I love flowers, but I hate the smell of those one → Ego amat multo flores, sed ego detestat odore de illas.

Illo, illos, illa, and illas are also used to form substantivized adjectives in Eurizian:

• the poor man → illo pauperi
• the poor men → illos pauperi
• the poor woman → illa pauperi
• the poor women → illas pauperi

The phrase “that thing” is translated with the neuter form illud.

Possessive Pronouns

Possessive pronouns are formed by combining the demonstrative illo/illa with the appropriate possessive adjective.

Example:

• I can't find my notebook → Ego non invenit mei quaterno
• You can take mine, if you want → Tu posset capere illo mei, si tu volet.

For example, the forms for mine:

Interrogative Pronouns

• Quis? (who?): used only for people (masculine or feminine), in the singular.
  • Who rang the doorbell? → Quis sonavit ad ianua?
  • Who are you looking for? → Quis vos estis quaerenti?
• Quid? (what?): used only for things, and only in the singular.
  • What worries you? → Quid sollicitat te?
  • What are you looking for? → Quid vos estis quaerenti?

When functioning as indirect objects or other oblique roles, these pronouns are preceded by the appropriate prepositions.

• Whose book is this? → De quis est hoc libro?

The pronoun/adjective which of the two? is uter, used only in the singular and applicable to both people and things.

• Here are Mario and Marco; which of the two is the teacher's brother? → Ecce Marco et Mario; uter est fratre de magistro?

The interrogative pronoun which one? is qualis in the singular, and quales in the plural, for all genders.

• Here are all my history books; which one do you want? → Ecce omni mei libros de historia; qualis tu volet?

Other interrogative pronouns:

• Who on earth? → Quisnam (masculine and feminine, singular only)
• What on earth? → Quidnam (neuter, singular only)

Example:

• Who on earth would say such a thing? → Quisnam diceret une simili re?

Indefinite Pronouns

Someone, some, somebody (masculine, neuter, feminine):

Something (neuter, singular only): aliquid

• I saw the roses in your garden; some are very beautiful → Ego vidit rosas de tui viridario; aliquas sunt maxime pulchri.

Another, others (masculine, neuter, feminine):

Another thing (neuter, singular only): aliud

• Our books are the green ones; the yellow and red ones belong to others → Nostri libri sunt illos viridi; illos gilvi et rubri sunt de alios.

Each, every one (singular only): quisque

• Everyone is the architect of their own fate → Quisque est artifice de sui sorte.

Everything (neuter, singular): quidque

A certain one, some people (masculine, neuter, feminine):

• I saw a man reading a newspaper at the bar → Ego vidi uno qui legebat ephemeride in baro.

Both (of two) (plural only): utrosque

• I invited both of them → Ego invitavit utrosque.

The rest, the remaining, the others:

• I kept only part of the books; I threw the rest away → Ego servavit solum parte de libros; ego iacevit ceteros.

All, everyone (masculine, feminine, neuter):

• Everyone needs love → Omnes indigent amore.

All things (neuter plural only): omnia

Much, many (masculine, feminine, neuter):

• Many think only about money → Multos cogitat solum pecunia.

Little, few (masculine, feminine, neuter):